![Outline of construction of plasmids carrying LUCA and E. coli tRNA genes and codon test genes. A LUCA and E. coli tRNA genes. Pairs of tRNA genes from E. coli and LUCA with identical anticodon sequences were synthesized. Primers (Supplementary Table S2) were used to amplify the transcription templates for in vitro synthesis. B Codon test genes. The constructs were based on the pET23a vector. Test genes were inserted between the NdeI and BamHI sites, with the start codons included in the NdeI site. -- [Journal of Molecular Evolution]](https://i0.wp.com/astrobiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/Resurrecting-tRNAs.png?resize=1200%2C716&ssl=1)
[Journal of Molecular Evolution] Ancestral sequence reconstruction (ASR) was used to study the evolution of the translational system by inferring tRNA sequences of the Last Archaeal Common Ancestor (LACA), the […]
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Rethinking The Microbial Future of Space Travel
University of Houston microbiologist Madhan Tirumalai is part of NASA’s Analysis Working Groups (AWG) and co-author of a review paper published Jan. 22 in npj Biofilms Microbiomes. The group’s microbes […]
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Life At The Extremes: Maximally Divergent Microbes With Similar Genomic Signatures Linked To Extreme Environments
Extreme environments impose strong mutation and selection pressures that drive distinctive, yet understudied, genomic adaptations in extremophiles.