climate Archives

Stability landscape of the ES in terms of ψ and H. -- astro-ph.EP

Atmospheres, Climate, Weather, Biogeochemical Cycles & Geobiology, Gaia - Planetary Perspectives, Status Report, Terraforming & Geoengineering

Chaotic Behaviour of the Earth System in the Anthropocene

by Keith CowingJanuary 18, 2025January 18, 2025

It is shown that the Earth System (ES) can, due to the impact of human activities, exhibit chaotic behaviour.

Atmospheres, Climate, Weather, Biogeochemical Cycles & Geobiology, Biophysics, Biosignatures & Paleobiology, Extremeophiles and Extreme Environments, Habitable Zones, Microbiology & Virology, Status Report, Water/Hycean Worlds & Oceanography

The Role Of Atmospheric Composition In Defining The Habitable Zone Limits And Supporting E. coli Growth

by Keith CowingJanuary 11, 2025January 11, 2025

Studying exoplanet atmospheres is essential for assessing their potential to host liquid water and their capacity to support life (their habitability).

The double annular cyclone (DAC). (a) and (b) Two views of DAC on 12 Nov. 2021 (sol 260, Ls = 126°) (MARCI). (c) DAC well developed on 29 Oct. 2021 (sol 247, Ls = 119.6°) (MARCI).. (d)DAC on 17 Nov. 2021 (sol 265, Ls = 128.6°) (VMC). (e) Plot showing the longitude location of the two DAC cyclones in time (West and East edges and Center). (f) Map showing the displacement in longitude and latitude of the two DAC components. -- astro-ph.EP

Atmospheres, Climate, Weather, Biogeochemical Cycles & Geobiology, Biosignatures & Paleobiology, Mapping, Geodesy, Cartography, Bathymetry, Mars, Status Report

Martian Atmospheric Disturbances From Orbital Images And Surface Pressure At Jezero Crater, Mars, During Martian Year 36

by Keith CowingJanuary 11, 2025

We present a study of atmospheric disturbances at Jezero Crater, Mars, using ground-based measurements of surface pressure by the Perseverance rover in combination with orbital images from the Mars Express […]

Atmospheres, Climate, Weather, Biogeochemical Cycles & Geobiology, Exoplanets, -moons, -comets, Habitable Zones, Status Report, Water/Hycean Worlds & Oceanography

Evolution Of Steam Worlds: Energetic Aspects

by Keith CowingDecember 27, 2024

Sub-Neptunes occupy an intriguing region of planetary mass-radius space, where theoretical models of interior structure predict that they could be water-rich, where water is in steam and supercritical state.

TOP: Flare recovery rate as a function of the injected flare amplitude, FWHM, and spectral subtype after denoising with the haar mother wavelet and a decomposition level of 2. The top row corresponds to the recovery rates before denoising and the bottom row to the recovery rates after denoising. BOTTOM: Flare recovery rate, averaged across all spectral subtypes, as a function of the selected mother wavelet and decomposition level. -- astro-ph.SR

Atmospheres, Climate, Weather, Exoplanets, -moons, -comets, Habitable Zones, Space Weather & Heliophysics, Status Report

Enhancing The Detection Of Low-energy M Dwarf Flares: Wavelet-based Denoising Of CHEOPS Data

by Keith CowingDecember 23, 2024December 23, 2024

Stellar flares are powerful bursts of electromagnetic radiation triggered by magnetic reconnection in the chromosphere of stars, occurring frequently and intensely on active M dwarfs.

Composite age model constructed from the NKT section and comparison to other estimates for the age and duration of OAE1a. Two youngest dated tuffs SAB-046 and SAB-054 correlated from the nearby SAB section. Shaded distributions in color denote the summed probability distribution of 206Pb/238U dates for each tuff, as likelihood inputs into Bayesian modeling. Posterior distributions are superimposed in black on original likelihoods. The black solid line indicates the median, and the 95% HDI indicated by light gray shading represents the model uncertainty for all interpolated points between tuffs. The right panel illustrates estimates for the age of onset and termination of OAE1a at other sites compared to our results from Hokkaido. Note that, as described in the text, OAE1a is not consistently defined. Hk, Hokkaido; Cs, Cismon; Pb, Piobbico; Pg, Poggio le Guaine; Sb, Svalbard; Sd, Shandong. Only symbols with an error bar represent dates with an uncertainty value; otherwise, no uncertainty is provided. -- Science Advances

Atmospheres, Climate, Weather, Biogeochemical Cycles & Geobiology, Biosignatures & Paleobiology, Fossils & Paleontology, Gaia - Planetary Perspectives, Habitable Zones, Mapping, Geodesy, Cartography, Bathymetry, Press Release, Terraforming & Geoengineering, Water/Hycean Worlds & Oceanography

Prehistoric Rock In Japan Reveals Clues To A Major Ocean Anoxic Event

by Keith CowingDecember 18, 2024December 19, 2024

By studying prehistoric rocks and fossils emerging from the side of Mount Ashibetsu in Japan, researchers have precisely refined the timing and duration of Ocean Anoxic Event 1a (OAE 1a), […]

Transmission spectra for the biotic scenarios. We show the JWST/NIRSpec range between 3 – 5 micron with a continuous grey cloud deck at the p = 0.01 bar (solid lines) and the dry biotic scenarios 1 & 2 with a lower cloud deck at the p = 0.1 bar (dashed line). The inlay for the 3.2 – 3.35 micron range highlights the O3 (grey box) and CH4 feature (magenta box). We further simulated JWST observations with PANDEXO for the dry biotic scenarios 1 & 2 with the lower cloud deck, simulating 100 transit observations of TRAPPIST-1e (black error bars). We chose the G395M grism setting and combined 10 pixels in one bin. -- astro-ph.EP

Astrogeology, Atmospheres, Climate, Weather, Biogeochemical Cycles & Geobiology, Biosignatures & Paleobiology, Exoplanets, -moons, -comets, Habitable Zones, Origin & Evolution of Life, Status Report

The Effect of a Biosphere on the Habitable Timespan of Stagnant-lid Planets and Implications for the Atmospheric Spectrum

by Keith CowingDecember 18, 2024December 19, 2024

Temperature-dependent biological productivity controls silicate weathering and thereby extends the potential habitable timespan of Earth.

A snapshot of the DeepBL hr simulation, showing (from upper left, going clockwise): cloud condensate, vertical velocity, specific humidity, and precipitating water. The colorbar for all fields except for vertical velocity is the base-10 logarithm of the water mass fraction (i.e., a value of -5 means 10−5 kg/kg.) Note that this simulation was performed on a quasi-2D grid, and with a higher resolution than the rest of our simulations. An animation of this simulation is available in the Supplemental Movie. -- astro-ph.EP

Atmospheres, Climate, Weather, Biogeochemical Cycles & Geobiology, Exoplanets, -moons, -comets, Status Report, Water/Hycean Worlds & Oceanography

Resolved Convection In Hydrogen-rich Atmospheres

by Keith CowingDecember 16, 2024December 16, 2024

In hydrogen-rich atmospheres with low mean molecular weight (MMW), an air parcel containing a higher-molecular-weight condensible can be negatively buoyant even if its temperature is higher than the surrounding environment.

A schematic illustrating the different planetary models under study. In both models, (A) and (B), the planet has a molten core that contributes negligibly to the tidally dissipated energy (this also stands if the core is differentiated into a solid inner and fluid outer parts). On top of the core lies a viscoelastic solid mantle which can be stratified and further divided into layers of uniform physical properties. Tidal dissipation in this mantle is computed in the solid tidal formalism using ALMA3 (Section 2.1). The solid mantle is enveloped by a fluid magma ocean of unperturbed uniform thickness H, which is the focus of our study. Under tidal forcing of the ocean and the mantle, the ocean’s bottom (top) is displaced vertically by ζ ↓ (ζ ↑ ). This forcing also leads to heating (by virtue of several dissipative mechanisms in reality, but mainly due to friction at the ocean-solid mantle interface, as shown in the sketch). The heating is counteracted by convective cooling. This molten layer can either be the outermost layer of the planet (A), or it can live under a solidified crust (B). -- astro-ph.EP

Astrogeology, Biogeochemical Cycles & Geobiology, Exoplanets, -moons, -comets, Habitable Zones, Lava / magma ocean / Volcanic Worlds, Mapping, Geodesy, Cartography, Bathymetry, Status Report, Venus

Tides on Lava Worlds: Application to Close-in Exoplanets and the Early Earth-Moon System

by Keith CowingDecember 11, 2024December 11, 2024

Understanding the physics of planetary magma oceans has been the subject of growing efforts, in light of the increasing abundance of Solar system samples and extrasolar surveys. A rocky planet […]

A Thunderstorm on an arid Earth-like exoplanet. -- Grok via Astrobiology.com

AI - Data - Apps - Cybernetics, Atmospheres, Climate, Weather, Biogeochemical Cycles & Geobiology, Exoplanets, -moons, -comets, Habitable Zones, Icy Worlds, Press Release, Terraforming & Geoengineering, Water/Hycean Worlds & Oceanography

Planetary Weather Modeling Advance: GenCast Predicts Earth’s Weather With State-of-the-art Accuracy

by Keith CowingDecember 6, 2024December 6, 2024

Editor’s note: We should all stop every once in a while and remember that Earth – our home world – is a planet too. We have the benefit of living […]

climate

Chaotic Behaviour of the Earth System in the Anthropocene

The Role Of Atmospheric Composition In Defining The Habitable Zone Limits And Supporting E. coli Growth

Martian Atmospheric Disturbances From Orbital Images And Surface Pressure At Jezero Crater, Mars, During Martian Year 36

Evolution Of Steam Worlds: Energetic Aspects

Enhancing The Detection Of Low-energy M Dwarf Flares: Wavelet-based Denoising Of CHEOPS Data

Prehistoric Rock In Japan Reveals Clues To A Major Ocean Anoxic Event

The Effect of a Biosphere on the Habitable Timespan of Stagnant-lid Planets and Implications for the Atmospheric Spectrum

Resolved Convection In Hydrogen-rich Atmospheres

Tides on Lava Worlds: Application to Close-in Exoplanets and the Early Earth-Moon System

Planetary Weather Modeling Advance: GenCast Predicts Earth’s Weather With State-of-the-art Accuracy

Determining The “Biosignature Threshold” For Life Detection On Biotic, Abiotic, or Prebiotic Worlds.

Icy Ocean Planet Research: NASA ROSES-25 Amendment 71: New Opportunity A.16 Cryosphere

Global Carbon Fixation In Earth’s Subsurface Biosphere

tinyRNA-seq: An Optimized Approach To Sequencing Tiny RNAs And Primitive RNA Genomes

Stellar Flares Rather Than High Tint As Possible Cause For the Missing Methane In Young Exoplanets: The Case Study of V1298-Tau b