chemistry Archives

Ice abundances at t=2×105 yrs in models of various ζ and Td. The selected molecules are CH3CHO, CH3OCH3 , C2H5OH, CH3COOH, C2H6, and CH3NH2 -- astro-ph.GA

Astrochemistry, Astronomy & Telescopes, Biochemistry & Organic Chemistry, Biosignatures & Paleobiology, Imaging & Spectroscopy, Interstellar, Status Report

Enhanced Formation Of Interstellar Complex Organic Molecules On Carbon Monoxide Ice

by Keith CowingJune 3, 2024June 3, 2024

We investigate the role of carbon monoxide ice in the chemical evolution of prestellar cores using astrochemical rate equation models.

Evolution of replicator populations in system A made from equimolar amounts of 1 and 2 (1.0 mM total concentration in 25 mM B2O3-buffer, pH 8.18) in a replication-destruction regime, implemented by serial transfer. The first generation was prepared as shown in Table S1, stirred for 4 days (1200 rpm; 45 oC) and analysed by UPLC-MS. A small aliquot (10%) of each DCL was transferred to a fresh solution of 1 and 2 (oxidized to 50% disulfides) that was then also stirred for 4 days (1200 rpm; 45 oC) yielding a second generation. This process was repeated three more times to yield a total of five generations. -- chemrxiv.org

Biochemistry & Organic Chemistry, Biophysics, Biosignatures & Paleobiology, Genomics, Proteomics, Bioinformatics, Nanotechnology & SynBio, Origin & Evolution of Life, Status Report

Competitive Exclusion Among Self-Replicating Molecules Curtails The Tendency Of Chemistry To Diversify

by Keith CowingMay 30, 2024May 30, 2024

The transition of chemistry into biology is poorly understood. One of the key questions in this transition is how the inherently divergent nature of chemical reactions can be curtailed, allowing […]

Metabolism is the "beating heart of the cell". New research from ELSI retraces the history of metabolism from the primordial Earth to the modern day (left to right). The history of compound discovery over time (white line) is cyclic, almost resembling an EKG. CREDIT NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center/Francis Reddy/NASA/ESA

Astrochemistry, Biochemistry & Organic Chemistry, Biogeochemical Cycles & Geobiology, Biophysics, Biosignatures & Paleobiology, Genomics, Proteomics, Bioinformatics, Habitable Zones, Origin & Evolution of Life, Press Release

Uncovering A Multibillion-year Epic Written Into The Chemistry Of Life

by Keith CowingMay 29, 2024May 29, 2024

The origin of life on Earth has long been a mystery that has eluded scientists. A key question is how much of the history of life on Earth is lost […]

The parameter region of the AWDM. The correct baryon asymmetry can be obtained in the blue band. The region favored by the homochirality of the amino acids is represented by the red band. Here we use ξB = 0.1 − 10 while ξAA = 0.01 − 100. The gray (light gray) region is excluded by the observation relevant to the X-ray emission adopted from [39] (phase-space bound). The dotted line denotes the future reach by Athena [69]. -- hep-ph

Astrochemistry, Biochemistry & Organic Chemistry, Biophysics, Status Report

Asymmetric Warm Dark Matter: From Cosmological Asymmetry to Chirality of Life

by Keith CowingMay 17, 2024May 17, 2024

We investigate a novel scenario involving asymmetric keV-range dark matter (DM) in the form of right-handed (sterile) neutrinos.

Spontaneous pattern formation in a three-phase system (PEG+DEX+gelatin) within a PEG-coated glass capillary. The compositions of the PEG/DEX/gelatin are (i) 4.2 wt %/3.3 wt %/5.0 wt %; (ii) 3.9 wt %/3.1 wt %/4.7 wt %; (iii) 3.6 wt %/2.9 wt %/4.3 wt %. The red, green, and black (no fluorescence) regions correspond to the DEX- (labeled with TRITC-dextran), gelatin- (labeled with FITC-I) and PEG-rich phases, respectively. White dashed lines indicate the position of the inner glass wall. (a) Snapshots of the solution inside the capillary (inner diameter: 140 μm, 280 μm) at the different times. (b) Spatiotemporal plot of (a). (c) Macroscopic phase separation of the PEG/DEX/gelatin solution in bulk. The composition of the PEG/DEX/gelatin is 4.2 wt %/3.3 wt %/5.0 wt %. Upper: Before centrifugation (at 60 °C in the incubator and for 20 min after mixing the solution); Lower: After centrifugation for 1 min (3000 rpm). The top, middle, and bottom phases correspond to the PEG-, gelatin-, and DEX-rich phases, respectively. The right panels show the fluorescence microscopy of the top (PEG-rich) phase on the glass slide. -- ACS/Doshisha University

Biochemistry & Organic Chemistry, Biophysics, Nanotechnology & SynBio, Origin & Evolution of Life, Press Release

Self-emergence Of Stational Periodic Arrangement Of Dual Microdroplets Through Quasi One-dimensional Confinement

by Keith CowingMarch 20, 2024

Polymer systems composed of multiple components can spontaneously induce emulsion or microdroplets by mechanical mixing, as an intermediate state of macroscopic phase separation.

Hi column density in contours plotted atop WISE 22µm image that shows emission from the dust along the line of sight. White crosses show the locations of the individual OH pointings described in Tables 2 and 3. HI contours are drawn at 0.5, 1.4, 1.8, 2.9, and 3.8 × 1020 cm−2 . The WISE 22 µm image has arbitrary units as obtained from NASA’s HEASARC SkyView. -- astro-ph.GA

Astrochemistry, Astronomy & Telescopes, Biochemistry & Organic Chemistry, Biophysics, Status Report

Limits On The OH Molecule In The Smith High Velocity Cloud

by Keith CowingMarch 14, 2024March 14, 2024

We have used the Green Bank Telescope (GBT) to search for the OH molecule at several locations in the Smith Cloud, one of the most prominent of the high-velocity clouds […]

Taurus Magnetic Cloud viewed by Herschel and Planck -- ESA

AI - Data - Apps - Cybernetics, Astrochemistry, Astronomy & Telescopes, Biochemistry & Organic Chemistry, Biosignatures & Paleobiology, Imaging & Spectroscopy, Status Report

The UMIST Database For Astrochemistry 2022

by Keith CowingNovember 8, 2023November 8, 2023

Detailed astrochemical models are a key component to interpret the observations of interstellar and circumstellar molecules since they allow important physical properties of the gas and its evolutionary history to […]

Atmospheres, Climate, Weather, Biosignatures & Paleobiology, Exoplanets, -moons, -comets, Status Report

An Extensively Validated C/H/O/N Chemical Network For Hot Exoplanet Disequilibrium Chemistry

by Keith CowingOctober 13, 2023October 13, 2023

We aimed to build a new and updated C0-C2 chemical network to study the CHON disequilibrium chemistry of warm and hot exoplanet atmospheres that relies on extensively validated and recent […]

Image of creating super giant carbon and/or PAH molecules after the star explosion. -- astro-ph.GA

Astrochemistry, Astronomy & Telescopes, Biochemistry & Organic Chemistry, Interstellar, Status Report

Astronomical Diffuse Interstellar Bands Analyzed by Hydrocarbon Pentagon-Hexagon Combined PAH Molecules

by Keith CowingOctober 11, 2023October 11, 2023

This study theoretically predicted the specific Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules to satisfy both astronomically observed Diffuse Interstellar Bands (DIB) and Infrared Bands (IR).

Effect of temperature on the peptide aggregation process. Left: side view of (ODAP—STEP) bilayer systems with peptides at 0 ns (a) and 500 ns at 353 K (b), 338 K (c), and 323 K (d); KSPFPFAA peptides are shown in mauve, while ODAP and STEP are in gray and green, respectively. Right: number of the clusters as a function of time formed during the 500 ns MD simulation with cutoff 0.6 nm at 353 K (e) (previously reported by the authors in Ref. [44]), 338 K (f), and 323 (g) -- Life

Biochemistry & Organic Chemistry, Biophysics, Genomics, Proteomics, Bioinformatics, Origin & Evolution of Life, Status Report

Structural Phenomena in a Vesicle Membrane Obtained through an Evolution Experiment: A Study Based on MD Simulations

by Keith CowingSeptember 6, 2023September 6, 2023

The chemical evolution of biomolecules was clearly affected by the overall extreme environmental conditions found on Early Earth.

chemistry

Enhanced Formation Of Interstellar Complex Organic Molecules On Carbon Monoxide Ice

Competitive Exclusion Among Self-Replicating Molecules Curtails The Tendency Of Chemistry To Diversify

Uncovering A Multibillion-year Epic Written Into The Chemistry Of Life

Asymmetric Warm Dark Matter: From Cosmological Asymmetry to Chirality of Life

Self-emergence Of Stational Periodic Arrangement Of Dual Microdroplets Through Quasi One-dimensional Confinement

Limits On The OH Molecule In The Smith High Velocity Cloud

The UMIST Database For Astrochemistry 2022

An Extensively Validated C/H/O/N Chemical Network For Hot Exoplanet Disequilibrium Chemistry

Astronomical Diffuse Interstellar Bands Analyzed by Hydrocarbon Pentagon-Hexagon Combined PAH Molecules

Structural Phenomena in a Vesicle Membrane Obtained through an Evolution Experiment: A Study Based on MD Simulations

NASA Spaceline Current Awareness List #1,209 24 July 2026 (Space Life Science Research Results)

NASA SMD ROSES-25 Amendment 68: New Opportunity: D.8 Habitable Worlds Observatory Precursor Science Investigations

The Viking’s 50 Year Landing Anniversary Astrobiology Special Collection: Reexamining the Revolutionary Impact of Viking on Mars Exploration

Extraordinary Creatures: Tardigrades

Venus: Dead? Far From It