Exoplanets & Exomoons

Photo-dynamical Analysis of Circumbinary Multi-planet System TOI-1338: a Fully Coplanar Configuration with a Puffy Planet

By Keith Cowing

Status Report

astro-ph.EP

April 30, 2024

Filed under astronomy, atmosphere, circumbinary planet, ESPRESSO, exoplanet, HARPS, Spectroscopy, TESS, TOI-1338, TOI-1338b, transit spectroscopy

Photo-dynamical Analysis of Circumbinary Multi-planet System TOI-1338: a Fully Coplanar Configuration with a Puffy Planet — The evolution of orbital plane and the change of impact parameter of TOI-1338 b’s primary and secondary transits. Top: the evolution of impact parameters of primary (red) and secondary transit (blue) integrated from the best-fit model. It shows that TOI-1338 b will permanently transit the primary star but hardly transit the secondary star. Bottom: the skyprojection view of the orbits of binary and TOI-1338 b. The orbit of TOI-1338 b is integrated 7000 days to show the effect of nodal precession due to interactions with binary stars. The size of the point scales with the line-of-sight distance, thus smaller points are behind the binary orbits. The red and blue regions show the crossing area of stellar disks of primary and secondary stars, accounting for the binary orbital motions. Transits can occur when the planet orbit and the stellar crossing area are intersected. The aspect ratio is 70:1. Due to the small mutual inclination of TOI-1338 b, the variation range of planetary inclination is very small, thus its orbit will always intersect the primary star’s orbital crossing region. The secondary star has a smaller radius, thus the stellar and planetary orbits are not mutually intersected, precluding potential transitability. — astro-ph.EP

TOI-1338 is the first circumbinary planet system discovered by TESS. It has one transiting planet at P∼95 day and an outer non-transiting planet at P∼215 day complemented by RV observation.

Here we present a global photo-dynamical modeling of the TOI-1338 system that self-consistently accounts for the mutual gravitational interactions between all known bodies in the system. As a result, the three-dimensional architecture of the system can be established by comparing the model with additional data from TESS Extended Mission and published HARPS/ESPRESSO radial velocity data.

We report an inconsistency of binary RV signal between HARPS and ESPRESSO, which could be due to the contamination of the secondary star. According to stability analysis, the RV data via ESPRESSO is preferred. Our results are summarized as follows: (1) the inner transiting planet is extremely coplanar to the binary plane ΔIb∼0.12∘, making it a permanently transiting circumbinary planet at any nodal precession phases.

We updated the future transit ephemerides with improved precisions. (2) The outer planet, despite its non-transiting nature, is also coplanar with the binary plane by ΔIc=9.1+6.0∘−4.8 (22∘ for 99\% upper limit). (3) The inner planet could have a density of 0.137±0.026 g/cm−3. With a TESS magnitude of 11.45, TOI-1338 b is an optimal circumbinary planet for ground-based follow-up and transit spectroscopy.
Mu-Tian Wang, Hui-Gen Liu

Comments: 13 Figures, 3 Tables; Accepted by AJ
Subjects: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
Cite as: arXiv:2404.18415 [astro-ph.EP] (or arXiv:2404.18415v1 [astro-ph.EP] for this version)
Submission history
From: Mutian Wang
[v1] Mon, 29 Apr 2024 04:10:38 UTC (5,643 KB)
https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.18415
Astrobiology

Keith Cowing

Explorers Club Fellow, ex-NASA Space Station Payload manager/space biologist, Away Teams, Journalist, Lapsed climber, Synaesthete, Na’Vi-Jedi-Freman-Buddhist-mix, ASL, Devon Island and Everest Base Camp veteran, (he/him) 🖖🏻

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