![Pressures determined by ruby fluorescence measurements at different locations within the sample chamber: (a) during powder compaction, (b) after decompression. No ruby fluorescence spectrum was obtained on the sphere marked with an asterisk, likely due to insufficient Cr doping, resulting in an undetectable fluorescence signal. -- [astro-ph.EP]](https://i0.wp.com/astrobiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/Elastic.png?resize=1200%2C720&ssl=1)
[astro-ph.EP] Titan tholins, complex organic solids synthesized by simulating photochemical processes in Titan’s atmosphere, are widely regarded as analogs to organic surface materials on the Saturnian moon.
astro-ph.EP
Posted inExoplanets, -moons, -comets
Ultraviolet Reflected-Light Spectroscopy of Modern Earth Analogs with Starshade Observations
[astro-ph.EP] Characterizing rocky, habitable zone planets in reflected light is a key science objective for future direct imaging missions, and the ultraviolet (UV) is uniquely suited for supporting the characterization […]
![Latitude-longitude maps of mean water vapour and hydrogen chloride volume mixing ratios and coefficient of variation (standard deviation divided by the mean) in percentage form at 20.91 km altitude. The values are calculated over four Venus solar days (468 Earth days). --[astro-ph.EP]](https://i0.wp.com/astrobiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/How-long.png?resize=1200%2C717&ssl=1)
Posted inVenus
How Long Could Volcanic Plumes Persist In The Venus Atmosphere?
[astro-ph.EP] Resolving the ambiguity surrounding current Venusian volcanism is a primary objective for upcoming missions like EnVision and VERITAS.
![Set Transformer actor–critic architecture used by the RL policy. The input candidate set 𝑋 ∈ R 𝑁×𝐹 is first projected into a latent 𝑑-dimensional representation and processed by 𝐿 Induced Set Attention Blocks (ISABs). Learned inducing tokens provide the queries in the first attention operation of each ISAB, after which information is redistributed to the candidate tokens. The actor combines each contextualised target representation with the global mission state to produce one logit per available observation. Each logit is then converted into a probability to select a corresponding observation. The critic uses Pooling by Multihead Attention (PMA) to obtain a permutation-invariant summary of the candidate set, which is combined with the same global state to estimate 𝑉 (𝑠). -- [astro-ph.EP]](https://i0.wp.com/astrobiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/aRieL-Reinforcement.png?resize=1200%2C715&ssl=1)
Posted inAriel Mission
aRieL – Reinforcement Learning For The Ariel Space Telescope Scheduling
[astro-ph.EP] The Ariel mission will conduct a population level survey of hundreds of exoplanet atmospheres, requiring observations to be scheduled across a large and diverse catalogue of potential targets.
Posted inExoplanets, -moons, -comets
The Accretionally Heated Atmospheres Of Protoplanets And Brown Dwarfs
[astro-ph.EP] The ranks of accreting planets and brown dwarfs are growing. To help interpret their spectra, we study how accretion affects a planet’s atmosphere. The atmosphere is irradiated from above […]
![Activity-age relationship for solar-type stars from Pezzotti et al. (2026). HD 219134 is denoted by the green square. Kepler LEGACY data from Pezzotti et al. (2026) are shown as cyan dots, Booth et al. (2017) data are indicated by salmon pentagons, and the Sun is shown by a black circled dot. The black lines indicate the linear fit from Booth et al. (2017) (dashed line) and Pezzotti et al. (2026) (dotted line). -- [astro-ph.EP]](https://i0.wp.com/astrobiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/Detailed.png?resize=1200%2C718&ssl=1)
Posted inStellar Cartography
Detailed Study of HD 219134: A Benchmark K-dwarf With A Compact Planetary System
[astro-ph.EP] Space missions such as CoRoT, Kepler, and TESS have transformed asteroseismology and its synergies with exoplanet science.
![Temperature space-time diagram for the 300 K initial condition for the fiducial Earth model planet at (a) 0.930 AU (temperate state), and (b) 0.920 AU (post-runaway). The red contour denotes the 323 K isotherm.-- [astro-ph.EP]](https://i0.wp.com/astrobiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/Gen-EBM.png?resize=1200%2C697&ssl=1)
Posted inAtmospheres, Climate, Weather
Gen-EBM: An Energy Balance Model For Terrestrial Planets. Climate Multistability From Snowball To Post-runaway Greenhouse Climates
[astro-ph.EP] Climate multistability and tipping points are fundamental properties of planetary climates that depend sensitively on climate feedbacks.
![(Top row:) Composite images on three dates (Table 1) shown with a common display range from -0.01 to 0.02 adu pixel−1 . (Bottom row:) Same images from the top row contoured from 0.0004 adu pixel−1 in steps of 0.002 adu pixel−1 . Contours are smoothed over 8×8 pixel boxes. Yellow arrows show the projected antisolar direction while white arrows show the projected negative heliocentric velocity vector, from Table 1. The two directions are overlapping in the 2023 data. A 1′′ scale is common to all panels.-- [astro-ph.EP]](https://i0.wp.com/astrobiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/Hubble-Space-.png?resize=1200%2C725&ssl=1)
Posted inComets and Asteroids
Hubble Space Telescope Observations of Active Asteroid (101955) Bennu
[astro-ph.EP] Measurements from NASA’s OSIRIS-REx spacecraft revealed (101955) Bennu as a member of the active asteroid class.
Posted inExoplanets, -moons, -comets
SOPHIE And TESS Characterization Of Fourteen TESS Objects Of Interest: Nine Planetary Systems And Five Low-mass Stellar Companions
[astro-ph.EP] We present fourteen TESS Objects of Interest (TOIs) from the SOPHIE-TESS follow-up program. Combining TESS photometry, SOPHIE radial velocities (RVs), ground-based photometry, and high-resolution imaging, we establish the nature […]
![The Target Pixel File (TPF) of HS 0209+0832 from the TESS observations in Sector 71. The SPOC pipeline aperture is overplotted with shaded red squares. The position of HS 0209+0832 is demarcated by the number “1” and a white cross. All nearby sources within ∆m = 4 are displayed as red circles, with their size proportional to their brightness relative to HS 0209+0832. Each source is labelled by the rank of their projected distances from HS 0209+0832. The white arrows denote the orientation of the spacecraft during the observations. This figure was created with tpfplotter121 -- [astro-ph.EP]](https://i0.wp.com/astrobiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/Discovery-of-a.png?resize=1200%2C718&ssl=1)
Posted inExoplanets, -moons, -comets
Discovery Of A Second-generation Planet Candidate Accreting Onto A White Dwarf
[astro-ph.EP] Many white dwarfs accrete the debris of disrupted planetary bodies, detected in the form of metal-enrichment in their atmospheres, dusty or gaseous circumstellar discs, and photometric transits from debris.