![Final semi-major axes and masses for all objects produced in simulations with regular disks. The left panel shows objects produced in disks with low C/O ratios and the right one shows planets in high C/O ratio disks. The dash-dotted line shows the initial mass of planestesimals in our simulations while the dotted line shows the initial mass of planetary embryos. We consider planets to be anything at or above the initial embryo mass, fragments to be anything below the initial planetesimal mass, and planetesimals to be any object at or above the initial planetesimal mass but below the initial embryo mass. -- [astro-ph.EP]](https://i0.wp.com/astrobiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/Correlations.png?resize=1200%2C719&ssl=1)
[astro-ph.EP] Studies suggest that protoplanetary disks around stars with high carbon-to-oxygen (C/O) ratios can produce terrestrial planets with carbon-dominated compositions instead of silicon-dominated ones.
astro-ph.EP
![Median protoplanetary disk composition predicted by the chemical model at different metallicities [Fe/H]. LEFT: Median overall composition. RIGHT: Median refractory composition. -- [astro-ph.EP]](https://i0.wp.com/astrobiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/On-the.png?resize=1200%2C719&ssl=1)
Posted inInterstellar
On The Compositions Of Interstellar Objects
[astro-ph.EP] As physical samples of distant planetary systems, the compositions of interstellar objects (ISOs) should correlate with the properties of their diverse parent stars.
Posted inExoplanets, -moons, -comets
Atmospheric Dynamics And Variability Of Periodically Irradiated Tidally Locked Planets
[astro-ph.EP] Time-variable stellar heating may create new climate states, such as permanently hot or cold hemispheres, on asynchronous planets. Planets on eccentric orbits, circumbinary planets and planets on polar orbits […]
Posted inTitan
Flow Dynamics Of Cryolava Or Impact Melt On Titan’s surface
[astro-ph.EP] Titan, a unique body in the solar system, resembles a life-size Miller-Urey experiment where pockets of liquid water might interact with abundant organic matter.
![Graphical Abstract -- [astro-ph.EP]](https://i0.wp.com/astrobiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/Space-Journey-Beyond-Earth.jpg?resize=1200%2C720&ssl=1)
Posted inExoplanets, -moons, -comets
Space Journey Beyond Earth: Exploring The Properties Of Exoplanets And Multi-planetary Systems
[astro-ph.EP]. In contrast to the observed exoplanet diversity, planets within many multi-planetary systems exhibit intra-system similarities in their radii, masses, and orbital spacings.
Posted inExoplanets, -moons, -comets
The NEID Earth Twin Survey. VI. Discovery Of A Low-Mass Planet Orbiting HD 126053 And RV Signals Near The Rotation Periods Of HD 168009 and HD 10780
[astro-ph.EP] Extreme precision radial velocity (EPRV) spectrographs are making strides in extending the limits of radial velocity exoplanet detection.
Posted inLava / magma ocean / Volcanic Worlds
The First Hubble Detection Of A Secondary Eclipse From A Rocky Exoplanet: The 5.4-hour Planet TOI-2431 b
[astro-ph.EP] We present an HST/WFC3 G141 phase-curve observation of the ultra-short-period rocky planet TOI-2431 b and detect its secondary eclipse in the near infrared.
![JWST/NIRSpec data for LRL 11001 using the PRISM disperser (bottom, L24) and G235M/G395M (top, this work). Uncertainties of ±1 σ for the latter are plotted as the pink band. The continuum near the 3.4 µm band has S/N∼30.-- [astro-ph.EP]](https://i0.wp.com/astrobiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/JWST-detection.png?resize=1200%2C720&ssl=1)
Posted inBrown Dwarfs
JWST Detection Of Methane Emission From A Young Brown Dwarf
[astro-ph.EP] In recent studies, we have used low-resolution spectroscopy (R~100) with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) to uncover low-mass brown dwarfs (2-10 MJup) in the young cluster IC 348 […]
Posted inLava / magma ocean / Volcanic Worlds
Revealing The Shiny Nature Of Lava Worlds: Small Planet Phase Curves With TESS
[astro-ph.EP] Recent thermal emission observations suggest that `lava worlds’–Earth-sized exoplanets hot enough to melt their silicate surfaces–have atmospheres on a population-level.
![Atmospheric and water loss of an Earth-like planet for three stellar systems: (e,f) M-dwarf (TRAPPIST-1) central habitable zone. The mass losses shown in a,b,c and d are after 6 Gyr of system integration. -- Full chart below [astro-ph.EP]](https://i0.wp.com/astrobiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/Simulated-Effects.png?resize=1200%2C718&ssl=1)
Posted inExoplanets, -moons, -comets
Simulated Effects of Radioactive Elements on Magnetic Evolution and Atmospheric Mass Loss of Earth-like Planets
[astro-ph.EP] Thousands of exoplanets have been discovered in recent decades, yet Earth remains the only known world with life.