[astro-ph.EP] The Kepler detection pipeline, as well as the transit method, has a bias towards shorter periods, leaving a dearth of detections at longer orbital periods. This relative lack of detections has left an incomplete picture of the architectures of exoplanet systems within the long-period regime.
We have built a single transit detection pipeline, utilizing a classification convolutional neural network and the onboard spacecraft diagnostics of the Kepler spacecraft, to detect long-period planets. We apply our pipeline to all currently known planetary systems in the Kepler field hosting at least one planet with an orbital period longer than 6 days.
We manually vet all new signals from our pipeline, and identify four new planetary candidates, all of which are in systems where the inner planets exhibit transit timing variations (TTVs).
Two of these candidates, Kepler 1752.02 and Kepler 199.03, cause two transit events that are consistent with periods of 777.78+0.01−0.02 and 505.495+0.004−0.004 days, and radii of 3.55+0.15−0.15 and 2.74+0.05−0.05 R⊕, respectively. Our remaining two candidates, Kepler 1897.02 and Kepler 1811.02, are single transit candidates with radii 4.81+0.20−0.19 and 3.25+0.28−0.30 R⊕, respectively.
The shortest orbital periods for these candidates, consistent with the Kepler dataset (gaps and coverage), are 342 days for Kepler 1897.02 and 544 days for Kepler 1811.02. The new planetary candidates, on their own, are incapable of reproducing the observed TTV signals in the inner system.
Although difficult to schedule, follow-up observations are needed to further constrain the new candidates and potentially discover the planets causing the perturbations.
Matthew T. Hansen, Jason A. Dittmann
Comments: 23 pages, 19 figures, 9 tables, published in AJ
Subjects: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP); Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM); Machine Learning (cs.LG)
Cite as: arXiv:2608.23425 [astro-ph.EP] (or arXiv:2608.23425v1 [astro-ph.EP] for this version)
https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2608.23425
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Journal reference: Matthew T. Hansen and Jason A. Dittmann 2026 AJ 172 164
Related DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ae8c32
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Submission history
From: Matthew Hansen
[v1] Mon, 24 Aug 2026 16:04:30 UTC (2,161 KB)
https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.23425
Astrobiology, exoplanet,
