[astro-ph.IM] Nulling interferometry is one of the most promising techniques that is envisioned for the imaging and characterization of exoplanets in the mid-infrared for ground-based and space-based observatories. On the ground, the upcoming Asgard/NOTT visitor instrument for the Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI) is expected to be the first nuller to observe young giant exoplanets.
The Large Interferometer For Exoplanets (LIFE) project aims at implementing long-baseline nulling interferometry in space to image and characterize Earth-like exoplanets. LIFE requires to reach deep (<10−5) null depths over a large bandwidth in the mid-infrared (MIR: 4-18.5μm) with a high throughput (>15%).
These requirements are necessary to detect and characterize the thermal emission of Earth-like exoplanets. To achieve deep null depths, a spatial filter is necessary to wash away the wavefront aberrations that would otherwise be a limiting factor for the contrast.
However, efficient spatial filtering with high throughput (>95%) is challenging to achieve over such a large bandwidth. In this study, we explore the possibility of broadband spatial filtering using two step-index fibers previously studied for the Darwin mission proposal: Te-As-Se chalcogenide (TAS) and silver halide (AgBr) fibers.
Using ∂Lux, we also simulate the performance of phase-induced amplitude apodization (PIAA) with aspherical mirrors to achromatically apodize the pupil plane of a beam and improve its coupling efficiency in both fibers.
The results show that a broadband geometric coupling efficiency of >95% can be achieved, with a manufacturing precision of <100nm for the PIAA mirrors. An achromatic apodization of the beams for LIFE is therefore compatible with a number of spectral channels of ≥2, defined by the number of spatial filters used.
Schematic layout of the PIAA and fiber model. The top-hat beam first propagates through the PIAA optics to be apodized into a gaussian beam. The light is then split in two spectral channels with an ideal dichroic, and injected in the TAS and AgBr fibers using two off-axis parabolas (OAPs) with effective focal lengths of fT AS and fAgBr, respectively. — [astro-ph.IM]
G. Garreau, T. Birbacher, L. Desdoigts, L. D. Feinberg, A. M. Glauser, J. T. Hansen, M. Ireland, J. Pino, E. Spalding, A. K. Taras, S. P. Quanz
Comments: 10 pages (incl. 8 figures); Proc. SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation 2026 (Copenhagen; Denmark), Optical and Infrared Interferometry and Imaging X
Subjects: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
Cite as: arXiv:2607.20154 [astro-ph.IM] (or arXiv:2607.20154v1 [astro-ph.IM] for this version)
https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2607.20154
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Submission history
From: Germain Garreau Dr
[v1] Wed, 22 Jul 2026 13:52:49 UTC (4,787 KB)
https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.20154
Astrobiology, astronomy, exoplanet,
