[astro-ph.EP] Small exoplanets on close-in orbits are exposed to high levels of stellar irradiation, which can effectively remove low-mass primordial H/He envelopes through atmospheric escape.
![Stability map of the TOI-2211 system in the (Ωc , Ic) plane for the outer planet candidate TOI-2211.02. All other orbital parameters were fixed to the nominal solution from Table A.4. The colour scale shows the adopted stability indicator, with blue regions corresponding to stable configurations and red regions to unstable configurations. -- [astro-ph.EP]](https://i0.wp.com/astrobiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/Searching-for.png?resize=1200%2C719&ssl=1)
[astro-ph.EP] Small exoplanets on close-in orbits are exposed to high levels of stellar irradiation, which can effectively remove low-mass primordial H/He envelopes through atmospheric escape.