[The Journal of Membrane Biology] Life requires membranes. But what were the first membranes made of, and how did they acquire the functional complexity of modern cells?
![Graphical abstract -- [The Journal of Membrane Biology]](https://i0.wp.com/astrobiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/From-Meteorites.png?resize=1200%2C712&ssl=1)
[The Journal of Membrane Biology] Life requires membranes. But what were the first membranes made of, and how did they acquire the functional complexity of modern cells?