[astro-ph.EP]. In contrast to the observed exoplanet diversity, planets within many multi-planetary systems exhibit intra-system similarities in their radii, masses, and orbital spacings.
![Graphical Abstract -- [astro-ph.EP]](https://i0.wp.com/astrobiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/Space-Journey-Beyond-Earth.jpg?resize=1200%2C720&ssl=1)
[astro-ph.EP]. In contrast to the observed exoplanet diversity, planets within many multi-planetary systems exhibit intra-system similarities in their radii, masses, and orbital spacings.