hydrology Archives

SuperCam cluster results and images of the concentric feature investigated at HAMW. A Mastcam-Z image mosaic ZCAM08932 (sol 925) annotated to show SuperCam target locations. Mastcam-Z images are enhanced using a linear stretch. SuperCam fused RMI mosaics of Gales Bay

Complex Water Systems Revealed On Early Mars

by Keith CowingSeptember 21, 2026September 21, 2026

[NASA] A new study reveals that Jezero Crater’s enigmatic ‘Margin Unit’ was shaped by a complex sequence of ancient lakes, groundwater systems, and hydrothermal fluids.

ID: ESP_067031_1935, date: 13 November 2020, altitude: 278 km, NASA/JPL-Caltech/University of Arizona larger image

Mars

Landforms In Ares Vallis Carved Out By Ancient Water Flow

by Keith CowingSeptember 10, 2026September 10, 2026

[NASA]. Ares Vallis is a large valley that was carved billions of years ago by water flowing across the surface of Mars.

Mars

Miraflores Butte On Mars

by Keith CowingAugust 28, 2026August 28, 2026

[NASA] NASA’s Curiosity Mars rover captured this sand-capped butte, nicknamed “Miraflores,” estimated to be about 20 feet (6 meters) tall, with its Mast Camera, or Mastcam, on June 11, 2026, […]

ID: ESP_091519_1090 date: 3 February 2026 altitude: 251 km NASA/JPL-Caltech/University of Arizona Larger image

Uncategorized

Thickly Frosted Polar Gullies On Mars

by Keith CowingAugust 26, 2026August 26, 2026

[NASA/JPL/UA]. Carbon dioxide frost from the past winter still thickly blankets this terrain imaged in early Martian spring. Dark blob-like surface markings show the initial hints at the coming defrosting […]

Global distribution of polygonal terrain, canali (Bledsoe and Klimczak, 2025) and wrinkle ridges (Bilotti and Suppe, 1999). Wagner IV authalic projection centred at 130°E. Almost all are located below 6052 km radius. -- Earth and Planetary Science Letters

Venus

The Lost Oceans Of Venus

by Keith CowingAugust 17, 2026August 17, 2026

[Earth and Planetary Science Letters] Whether Venus once had oceans and, if so, when it lost them are critical issues in the understanding of habitability on exoplanets, as well as […]

3D rendering of meteorite and clasts. (a) 3D rendering of the attenuation tomograms cut in half in z to show two H‐Fe‐ox clasts, showing neutron attenuation on the left and X‐ray attenuation on the right. White means high attenuation, darkmeans low attenuation. (b) 3D rendering of segmented phases throughout the meteorite, with H‐rich Fe‐oxyhydroxides inblue and H‐poor Fe‐Ti oxides in red. (c) 3D rendering of the three biggest H‐Fe‐ox clasts -- Geophysical Research Letters

Mars

Crustal Water Reservoir On Early Mars

by Keith CowingAugust 17, 2026August 17, 2026

[Geophysical Research Letters]. The next great leap in Martian exploration is the return of samples to Earth. Maximizing their scientific value requires non-destructive analytical techniques for early three-dimensional characterization.

ID: ESP_047247_1150 date: 24 August 2016 altitude: 248 km NASA/JPL-Caltech/University of Arizona larger image

Mars

Cracks In A Martian Crater’s Ice

by Keith CowingAugust 16, 2026August 16, 2026

[NASA/JPL-Caltech/UA] Many impact craters on Mars were filled with ice in past climates. Sometimes this ice flows or slumps down the crater walls into the center and acquires concentric wrinkles […]

Mars

The Search for Life and Biosignatures on Mars: A Mars System Science Approach (Atmosphere, Hydrosphere, Cryosphere, Lithosphere, Geologic History)

by Keith CowingAugust 11, 2026August 11, 2026

[Astrobiology (Journal)] The most important quest in Mars exploration is the search for biosignatures. We adopt a Mars System Science approach, calling on information from the atmosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, lithosphere, […]