ESPRESSO Archives

Phase-folded plots of the planetary-induced RV signals in NIRPS and HARPS. Left panels show the phase-folded RV variations induced by Proxima b (top), and the residuals after the fit (bottom). Right panels show the same for Proxima d. -- astro-ph.SR

Astronomy & Telescopes, Exoplanets, -moons, -comets, Imaging & Spectroscopy, Proxima Centauri, Status Report

Studying The Planetary System Of Proxima Centauri With NIRPS

by Keith CowingJuly 30, 2025July 30, 2025

We obtained 420 high-resolution spectra of Proxima, over 159 nights, using the Near Infra Red Planet Searcher (NIRPS).

Family portrait of the five planets in the L 98-59 system showing their transit (or absence of transit) observed by TESS in the top panels and their Doppler signature from HARPS (red circles) and ESPRESSO (white/black circles for pre/post data) in the bottom panels. Only the error bars for ESPRESSO are shown to improve visibility. Black curves represent best-fit models from the transit analysis (top) and joint RV–TTV fit (bottom, using fixed orbital inclinations, see Sect. 4.5). For L 98- 59 e and f, 1000 predicted transit curves are shown in red using posterior samples from the RV–TTV fit and radii estimated from their minimum masses using spright (Parviainen et al. 2024). Planets e and f do not transit L 98-59. -- astro-ph.EP

Astronomy & Telescopes, Exoplanets, -moons, -comets, Habitable Zones, Imaging & Spectroscopy, Status Report

Detailed Architecture Of The L 98-59 System And Confirmation Of A Fifth Planet In The Habitable Zone

by Keith CowingJuly 16, 2025July 16, 2025

The L 98-59 system, identified by TESS in 2019, features three transiting exoplanets in compact orbits of 2.253, 3.691, and 7.451 days around an M3V star, with an outer 12.83-day […]

Phase-folded radial velocities of the planets in the L 98-59 system. (a): L 98-59.06. (b): L 98-59 b. (c): L 98-59 c. (d)t: L 98-59 d. (e): L 98-59 e. (f): L 98-59 f. -- astro-ph.EP

Exoplanets, -moons, -comets, Status Report

Confirmation Of A Non-transiting Planet In The Habitable Zone Of The Nearby M dwarf L 98-59

by Keith CowingJuly 11, 2025

Only 40 exoplanetary systems with five or more planets are currently known. These systems are crucial for our understanding of planet formation and planet-planet interaction.

ℓ1 periodogram for the stars HD 10700 (left), HD 102365 (centre), and HD 304636 (right). The ten strongest peaks periods are identified in the image; the associated FAP is listed in Table F. -- astro-ph.EP

Astronomy & Telescopes, Exoplanets, -moons, -comets, Status Report

A Comprehensive Study On Radial Velocity Signals Using ESPRESSO: Pushing Precision To The 10 cm/s Level

by Keith CowingJuly 11, 2025

We analyse ESPRESSO data for the stars HD10700, HD20794, HD102365, and HD304636 acquired via its Guaranteed Time Observations (GTO) programme. We characterise the stars’ radial velocity (RV) signals down to […]

Phase-folded RVs from the best-fit informed RV model with GPs removed. Binned data shown by the large, purple points (10 bins). Phasefolded on the period of the planet (12.761421 d). -- astro-ph.EP

Atmospheres, Climate, Weather, Biogeochemical Cycles & Geobiology, Exoplanets, -moons, -comets, Imaging & Spectroscopy, Status Report, Venus

The Mass Of The Exo-Venus Gliese 12 b, As Revealed By HARPS-N, ESPRESSO, And CARMENES

by Keith CowingJune 27, 2025September 18, 2025

Small temperate planets are prime targets for exoplanet studies due to their possible similarities with the rocky planets in the Solar System.

Left: Image of the Sun with Earth superimposed on the same scale. Upper-right: Radial-velocity time-series of the Sun (green points), obtained with the HARPS-N solar telescope (Dumusque et al., 2021), when compared with the expected signature of an Earth-like planet orbiting a Sun-like star (red curve). Lower-right: simulated spurious signature of an absorption spectrum of an atmosphere-less Earth-like planet centered in the sodium line (blue curve), as caused by unaccounted center-to-limb variations. The observed signal has a magnitude level similar to the expected absorption signature of the atmosphere of an Earth-like planet. These plots illustrate the challenges for the detection and characterisation of Earth-like planets orbiting other suns. Image sources: NASA SDO and ESO/M. Kornmesser

Astronomy & Telescopes, Exoplanets, -moons, -comets, Imaging & Spectroscopy, Status Report

PoET: The Paranal Solar ESPRESSO Telescope

by Keith CowingMay 17, 2025May 17, 2025

The detection and characterisation of other “Earths”, orbiting other suns, is a bold objective of present-day astrophysics.

Phase folded and offset-subtracted ESPRESSO RVs with the modeled best-fit allesfitter RV curve for HD 35843 b (left) and HD 35843 c (right), with residuals plotted on the bottom. Stellar jitter has been added in quadrature with measurement uncertainties. -- astro-ph.EP

Astronomy & Telescopes, Exoplanets, -moons, -comets, Habitable Zones, Imaging & Spectroscopy, Status Report, Water/Hycean Worlds & Oceanography

HD 35843: A Sun-like Star Hosting A Long Period Sub-Neptune And Inner Super-Earth

by Keith CowingMay 5, 2025May 5, 2025

We report the discovery and confirmation of two planets orbiting the metal-poor Sun-like star, HD 35843 (TOI 4189). HD 35843 c is a temperate sub-Neptune transiting planet with an orbital […]

ESPRESSO RVs of K2-157 c (left) and K2-157 d (right) folded to their respective orbital periods inferred in Sect. 4.4. The blue solid lines indicate the median posterior models, and the shades indicate the 1σ confidence intervals. -- astro-ph.EP

Astronomy & Telescopes, Exoplanets, -moons, -comets, Imaging & Spectroscopy, Status Report

Two Neighbours To The Ultra-short-period Earth-sized Planet K2-157 b In The Warm Neptunian Savanna

by Keith CowingApril 30, 2025September 18, 2025

The formation and evolution of ultra-short-period (USP) planets is poorly understood. However, it is widely thought that these planets migrated inwards through interactions with outer neighbours.

Astronomy & Telescopes, Exoplanets, -moons, -comets, Imaging & Spectroscopy, Status Report

A Transiting Rocky Super-Earth And A Non-transiting Sub-Neptune Orbiting The M Dwarf TOI-771

by Keith CowingApril 29, 2025April 29, 2025

The origin and evolution of the sub-Neptune population is a highly debated topic in the exoplanet community.

GJ1061 system - exoplanets GJ1061 b, GJ1061 c, GJ1061 d -- NASA/Wikipedia

Astronomy & Telescopes, Exoplanets, -moons, -comets, Status Report

RedDots: Planetary Masses In The GJ1061 System From Planet-planet Interaction

by Keith CowingApril 16, 2025April 16, 2025

GJ1061 is a very nearby M star hosting three low-mass temperate planets detected from radial velocity variations.

ESPRESSO

Studying The Planetary System Of Proxima Centauri With NIRPS

Detailed Architecture Of The L 98-59 System And Confirmation Of A Fifth Planet In The Habitable Zone

Confirmation Of A Non-transiting Planet In The Habitable Zone Of The Nearby M dwarf L 98-59

A Comprehensive Study On Radial Velocity Signals Using ESPRESSO: Pushing Precision To The 10 cm/s Level

The Mass Of The Exo-Venus Gliese 12 b, As Revealed By HARPS-N, ESPRESSO, And CARMENES

PoET: The Paranal Solar ESPRESSO Telescope

HD 35843: A Sun-like Star Hosting A Long Period Sub-Neptune And Inner Super-Earth

Two Neighbours To The Ultra-short-period Earth-sized Planet K2-157 b In The Warm Neptunian Savanna

A Transiting Rocky Super-Earth And A Non-transiting Sub-Neptune Orbiting The M Dwarf TOI-771

RedDots: Planetary Masses In The GJ1061 System From Planet-planet Interaction

Alta-X Drone Tests Future Astrobiology / Astrogeology Droid Technology

Landforms In Ares Vallis Carved Out By Ancient Water Flow

Evolution of Stellar Activity and Habitable Zone (EATEN): III. X-ray Activity of Dwarfs in Open Clusters and Field Stars

Radial Velocity Detection Of The TRAPPIST-1 Planetary System With SPIRou And NIRPS

Structure Of An RNA polymerase Ribozyme Replication Complex