E-ring Archives

Elemental maps of laboratory-frozen droplets containing major salt components expected in Enceladus' ocean. Each column shows the distribution of a different element, while the rows represent different cooling rates. At slower cooling rates, salts become increasingly separated into distinct regions within the droplets, particularly chloride salts associated with sodium and potassium. With faster cooling, the elements remain more uniformly distributed. These experiments show how slow freezing could produce the chemical segregation needed to explain the diverse ice grains detected by Cassini. Scale bars represent 50 micrometres. -- Science

How Enceladus’ Ocean Spray Becomes Chemically Diverse Ice Grains

by Keith CowingSeptember 30, 2026September 30, 2026

[Institute of Science Tokyo] Saturn’s icy moon Enceladus hides a global ocean beneath its frozen surface. From fractures near its south pole, material from this ocean is ejected into space […]

E-ring

How Enceladus’ Ocean Spray Becomes Chemically Diverse Ice Grains

NASA Planetary Protection Handbook

NASA Scientists Search For Clues About Mars’ Past In Scotland

A Temperate Sub-Neptune Transiting The M4 Dwarf TOI-210 Identified By NIRPS And TESS — Uncovering Hidden M-dwarf Planetary Systems In The Near-infrared

Nonequilibrium Formation of Pyridine (C5H5N) in Interstellar Ice Analogs: Implications for Biorelevant Nitrogen Heterocycles in Ryugu and Bennu

The Abundance And Emission Of PAHs From The Local To Early Universe