CARMENES Archives

SVD/PCA based detrending process and the effect of model reprocessing for order number 11 of Night 1 of CARMENES observation. (a) Data after calibration through CARACAL, (b) After SVD/PCA based detrending and strong residual masking - the orange line shows the cross-section along which the spectra for (e) is drawn, (c) Nominal exoplanet model signal that is to be injected into noiseless data matrix before reprocessing - the black line represents the cross-section for drawing the spectrum in (f), (d) Reprocessed model signal showing the model signal + artefacts in the out-of-transit phases - blue is the cross-section for drawing (g) and reddish brown for (h), (e) Cross-section at mid-transit time (Phase = 0) for the processed and normalised data in (b) showing variations around 1.0, (f) Same as (e) but for the nominal model signal in (c), (g) Same as (e) but for the reprocessed model signal in (d). The differences between (f) and (g) notably in the line depths and wing shapes illustrate the effect of the SVD/PCA based detrending procedure on the the model signal and by definition any actual signal that would be present in the data, (h) Cross-section at an out-of-transit time (Phase ≈ 0.02) showcasing the nature of the artefacts caused due to model reprocessing with a similar scale as in (g). -- astro-ph.EP

Astronomy & Telescopes, Atmospheres, Climate, Weather, Biogeochemical Cycles & Geobiology, Exoplanets, -moons, -comets, Imaging & Spectroscopy, Status Report

Constraints On Atmospheric Water Abundance and Cloud Deck Pressure in the Warm Neptune GJ 3470 b via CARMENES Transmission Spectroscopy

by Keith CowingApril 11, 2024April 11, 2024

Observations of cooler atmospheres of super-Earths and Neptune sized objects often show flat transmission spectra.

TPFs of TOI-4438 in TESS sectors 40, 52, and 53. The red bordered squares mark the optimal photometric aperture used to extract the SAP fluxes. The different sizes of the red circles show the G-band magnitudes from Gaia DR3 for all nearby stars with respect to TOI-4438 (marked with an "×”) up to ∆G = 10 mag fainter. -- astro-ph.EP

Atmospheres, Climate, Weather, Exoplanets, -moons, -comets, Imaging & Spectroscopy, Status Report

TOI-4438 b: A Transiting Mini-Neptune Amenable To Atmospheric Characterization

by Keith CowingMarch 19, 2024

We report the confirmation and mass determination of a mini-Neptune transiting the M3.5 V star TOI-4438 (G 182-34) every 7.44 days. A transit signal was detected with NASA’s TESS space […]

Planetary system architectures in comparison. Left panel: Semi-major axes in planetary systems in comparison. For Teegarden’s Star we show two possible configurations: the three planets as fit by our preferred model and a hypothetical configuration (labeled as Teegarden (h)) with the three planets, the candidate at 7.7 d (light blue) as well as a purely hypothetical planet between planets c and d (light gray). The size of the plot symbols in the left panel are scaled assuming a constant planet density using the masses from Table 4 and G.2. Right panel: Mutual Hill separations in planetary systems in comparison. The light blue line indicates the mutual Hill radius above which the orbital crossing time is larger than 109 orbits. -- astro-ph.EP

Exoplanets, -moons, -comets, Habitable Zones, Status Report

Teegarden’s Star Revisited: A Nearby Planetary System With At Least Three Planets

by Keith CowingFebruary 5, 2024February 5, 2024

The two known planets in the planetary system of Teegarden’s Star are among the most Earth-like exoplanets currently known. Revisiting this nearby planetary system with two planets in the habitable […]

Modeled EW of the He i λ10833 Å signal as a function of temperature and mass-loss rate at the terminator for the high irradiation scenario. The admissible region is indicated by connected blue circles. Similarly, admissible regions are indicated for the moderate irradiation scenario (white, F/100) and the substellar-point model in Roche-lobe overflow (RLO, triangles). -- astro-ph.EP

Astronomy & Telescopes, Atmospheres, Climate, Weather, Exoplanets, -moons, -comets, Imaging & Spectroscopy, Status Report

The Elusive Atmosphere Of WASP-12 b / High-resolution Transmission Spectroscopy With CARMENES

by Keith CowingJanuary 6, 2024January 6, 2024

To date, the hot Jupiter WASP-12 b has been the only planet with confirmed orbital decay. The late F-type host star has been hypothesized to be surrounded by a large […]

Mass-radius diagram for TOI-1801 b, together with all known exoplanets (grey dots) with a precision better than 8% in radius (through transit) and 20% in mass (from RV). The population of young transiting exoplanets (< 900 Myr) with measured masses is plotted as coloured dots, according to their ages. The uncertainties on TOI-1801 b are shown as coloured shaded regions with 1, 2, and 3σ levels of confidence. In the left panel, the iso-density lines are displayed as dashed grey lines. In the remaining panels where the population of exoplanets is plotted along with TOI-1801 b, coloured lines indicate different composition models without gas (middle panel) and with a gas envelope (right panel) from Zeng et al. (2019). In the right panel, the solid and dotted lines show the models with temperatures of 300 K and 500 K, respectively, of the corresponding specific entropy at 100 bar level in the gas envelope. The Earth and Neptune are also depicted as reference. We include B22 and M22 as references because different results have been published for the same planet, and this refers to Barragán et al. (2022) and El Mufti et al. (2023), respectively. -- astro-ph.EP

Exoplanets, -moons, -comets, Habitable Zones, Status Report

TOI-1801 b: A Temperate Mini-Neptune Around A Young M0.5 Dwarf

by Keith CowingOctober 17, 2023October 17, 2023

We report the discovery, mass, and radius determination of TOI-1801 b, a temperate mini-Neptune around a young M dwarf. TOI-1801 b was observed in TESS sectors 22 and 49, and […]

RVs over time for the best model (1P(5 d-ecc) + dSHO-GP28 d) fitted to the HARPS (top) and CARMENES (bottom) RVs of GJ 724. The GP component of the model is plotted as the orange solid line. The black lines show the median of 10 000 samples from the posterior and the grey shaded areas denote the 68 %, 95 %, and 99 % confidence intervals, respectively. Instrumental RV offsets were subtracted from the measurements and the model, and the error bars include the jitter added in quadrature. The residuals after subtracting the median model are shown in the lower panel. -- astro-ph.EP

Astronomy & Telescopes, Exoplanets, -moons, -comets, Imaging & Spectroscopy, Status Report

Planetary Companions Orbiting The M Dwarfs GJ 724 And GJ 3988. A CARMENES And IRD Collaboration

by Keith CowingOctober 10, 2023October 10, 2023

We report the discovery of two exoplanets around the M dwarfs GJ 724 and GJ 3988 using the radial velocity (RV) method. We obtained a total of 153 3.5 m […]

Evolution of the s-BGLS periodogram of the CARMENES, HIRES, and HARPS RV data around 36 d (left) and in the region between 90 d and 130 d (right). The periodograms were generated using the residuals after subtracting the respective other periodicity, namely, the 113-d period in the left panel and the 36-d signal in the right panel. Both s-BGLS periodograms include the stellar rotation period. The colorbar on the top shows the Bayesian probability, where higher values are more likely. The right side of each plot indicates the instrument from which the individual added data points originate. -- astro-ph.EP

Astronomy & Telescopes, Atmospheres, Climate, Weather, Biosignatures & Paleobiology, Exoplanets, -moons, -comets, Habitable Zones, Status Report

The CARMENES Search For Exoplanets Around M Dwarfs. A Sub-Neptunian Mass Planet In The Habitable Zone Of HN Lib

by Keith CowingMay 31, 2023May 31, 2023

We report the discovery of HN Lib b, a sub-Neptunian mass planet orbiting the nearby (d≈ = 6.25 pc) M4.0 V star HN Lib detected by our CARMENES radial-velocity (RV) […]

Mass-radius diagram for all the confirmed transiting exoplanets with mass determination (from RV or transit time variations), colour-coded by effective temperature of the host star, along with the planets of the Solar System. The dashed coloured curved are theoretical composition models by Zeng et al. (2019) described in the legend, and the dashed grey line represents the limiting mass for the deuterium burning (13MJup). Figure adapted from Caballero et al. (2022). -- astro-ph.EP

Astronomy & Telescopes, Brown Dwarfs, Exoplanets, -moons, -comets, Press Release

Astrophysical Parameters Of M Dwarfs With Exoplanets

by Keith CowingMay 17, 2023May 17, 2023

M dwarfs are the most abundant stars in the Universe and are hosts of a rich diversity of planetary companions.

TESS phase folded light curves after subtracting the photometric variability for TOI-2095b (top left) and TOI-2095c (top right). The best fitting model is shown in black, the circles are TESS binned data points, points are individual TESS observations. Bottom panels: residuals of the fit. -- astro-ph.EP

Astronomy & Telescopes, Exoplanets, -moons, -comets, Habitable Zones, Imaging & Spectroscopy

Two super-Earths At The Edge Of The Habitable Zone Of The Nearby M Dwarf TOI-2095

by Keith CowingApril 21, 2023April 27, 2023

The main scientific goal of TESS is to find planets smaller than Neptune around stars bright enough to allow further characterization studies.

Representation of the adopted strategy for the network-based approach, where the ANN component has been redesigned with respect to the DL model derived from PHOENIX-ACES spectra (to be compared with Fig. 1 of Passegger et al. 2020). -- astro-ph.IM

AI - Data - Apps - Cybernetics, Astronomy & Telescopes, Exoplanets, -moons, -comets, Imaging & Spectroscopy, Status Report

The CARMENES Search For Exoplanets Around M Dwarfs — A Deep Transfer Learning Method To Determine Teff And [M/H] Of Target Stars

by Keith CowingApril 4, 2023April 4, 2023

The large amounts of astrophysical data being provided by existing and future instrumentation require efficient and fast analysis tools.

CARMENES

Constraints On Atmospheric Water Abundance and Cloud Deck Pressure in the Warm Neptune GJ 3470 b via CARMENES Transmission Spectroscopy

TOI-4438 b: A Transiting Mini-Neptune Amenable To Atmospheric Characterization

Teegarden’s Star Revisited: A Nearby Planetary System With At Least Three Planets

The Elusive Atmosphere Of WASP-12 b / High-resolution Transmission Spectroscopy With CARMENES

TOI-1801 b: A Temperate Mini-Neptune Around A Young M0.5 Dwarf

Planetary Companions Orbiting The M Dwarfs GJ 724 And GJ 3988. A CARMENES And IRD Collaboration

The CARMENES Search For Exoplanets Around M Dwarfs. A Sub-Neptunian Mass Planet In The Habitable Zone Of HN Lib

Astrophysical Parameters Of M Dwarfs With Exoplanets

Two super-Earths At The Edge Of The Habitable Zone Of The Nearby M Dwarf TOI-2095

The CARMENES Search For Exoplanets Around M Dwarfs — A Deep Transfer Learning Method To Determine Teff And [M/H] Of Target Stars

Juice Astrobiology Mission To Fly Past Earth For Third Gravity Assist

Planetary Health Check 2026 Finds Mounting Pressures Across Earth’s Life Support Systems – Reports And Proceedings

Prebiotic Peptide Formation Triggered By Urea-rich Warm Little Ponds On Early Earth

Thyles Rupes Region Of Mars

Do Himalayan-style Mountains Lie Under The Antarctic ice: Implication For The Gondwana Supermountains, The Rise Of Oxygen And The Cambrian Explosion?