[physics.space-ph] Martian ionospheric ions can be accelerated away from Mars by the solar wind, contributing substantially to atmospheric ion escape.
![Example of the three input quantities used by the U-Net model. (a) Differential energy fluxes (DEF) of O2 + . (b) Corresponding validity masks (see text for details). (c) Normalized logarithmic energy coordinate. The brackets at the top illustrate the sliding input windows, each containing 512 time samples × 32 energy bins × 3 input channels. Consecutive windows overlap by 90%, corresponding to a shift of approximately 51 samples. -- [physics.space-ph]](https://i0.wp.com/astrobiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/11/deep.png?resize=1200%2C717&ssl=1)
[physics.space-ph] Martian ionospheric ions can be accelerated away from Mars by the solar wind, contributing substantially to atmospheric ion escape.