![[LEFT] Evolution of the fiducial full 2D simulation. The simulation has run for ∼ 4 Myr; line opacity increases with time in intervals of 0.4 Myr. The top row shows the surface densities of dust (ice included), ice and vapour, whilst the second row shows the mid-plane temperature. The small noncontinuous deviations in the surface density appear due to integration over the tightly-constrained, discontinuous vertical structure of the ice. [RIGHT] Spatial distributions of CO ice and vapour density in the full 2D fiducial simulation. Temperature contours (in K) are over-plotted for reference. -- astro-ph.EP](https://i0.wp.com/astrobiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/CO-snow-lines.png?resize=1200%2C720&ssl=1)
[astro-ph.EP] Volatile evolution in protoplanetary discs determines the compositional evolution of forming planets. Below their sublimation temperatures, volatiles freeze out from the vapour phase onto dust grains in the disc […]
astrogeology
![[TOP] Example observations of (2060) Chiron for survey/telescopes (left) ATLAS, (middle) ZTF, and (right) LCO/LOOK. [BOTTOM] Example observations of 103P/Hartley 2 for survey/telescopes (left) ATLAS, (middle) ZTF, and (right) LCO/LOOK. -- astro-ph.EP](https://i0.wp.com/astrobiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/Multi-year.png?resize=1200%2C720&ssl=1)
Posted inComets and Asteroids
Multi-year Ground-Based Survey Photometry of Active Comet 103P/Hartley 2 and Centaur (2060) Chiron: A Tale of Two Comets in the Pre-LSST Era
[astro-ph.EP] Comets and Centaurs trace the evolution of trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) into the inner solar system.
Posted inAstrochemistry
Unveiling Complex Chemistry In Planet-forming Disks With The SKAO
[astro-ph.SR] The chemical composition of planets is inherited from that of the natal protoplanetary disk at the time of planet formation.
Posted inComets and Asteroids
The Dust Mineralogy of Interstellar Comet 3I/ATLAS from JWST/MIRI Observations
[astro-ph.EP] We present the first spectroscopic mineralogical analysis of the dust coma of an interstellar object (ISO) from JWST mid-infrared spectroscopy of 3I/ATLAS (3I).
Posted inLava / magma ocean / Volcanic Worlds
Coupled AtmospHere Interior modeL Intercomparison (CHILI). I. Evolutionary Modelling — Primordial Magma Oceans of Earth and Venus
[astro-ph.EP] Earth and Venus represent two evolutionary outcomes arising from initially molten ‘magma ocean’ periods, followed by lifetimes of chemical and geophysical divergence. Their physics is common to all rocky […]
Posted inMars
Sulfates Or Other Hydrated Materials East Of Aram Chaos?
[NASA] Aram Chaos is of particular scientific interest because it is hypothesized that its chaotic terrain may be the source of water that contributed to the creation of nearby valleys […]
Posted inMars
Curiosity Rover Takes a Close Look at Martian Sulfur Crystals
[NASA] These sulfur crystals were found inside a rock after NASA’s Curiosity Mars rover happened to drive over it and crush it on May 30, 2024, the 4,200th Martian day, […]
Posted inImpact events
Asteroid Assault Made Ancient Earth Too Hot And Chaotic For Continents To Form
[Curtin University] New research led by Curtin University and QUT (Queensland University of Technology) has revealed repeated asteroid impacts may have been the dominant force shaping the early Earth, delivering […]
Posted inExoplanets, -moons, -comets
Nautilus Space Observatory: The Evolution of Planets and their Atmospheres
[astro-ph.IM] We are just beginning to explore the billion-year evolution from nascent planets in disks to mature planetary systems. Recent discoveries hint at demographic and atmospheric differences between young planets […]
Posted inUncategorized
Perseverance Astrobiology Droid Has Completed A Martian Marathon
[NASA] On June 14, 2026, Mars Perseverance rover completed a Martian “marathon” by surpassing 26.2 miles (42.195 kilometers) of travel. The day before, NASA’s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter snapped this view […]