Ganymede

Global Modelling of Ganymede’s Surface Composition: Near-IR Mapping from VLT/SPHERE

By Keith Cowing
Press Release
astro-ph.EP
September 6, 2022
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Global Modelling of Ganymede’s Surface Composition: Near-IR Mapping from VLT/SPHERE
Normalised 2.25/2.11 µm spectral ratio as measured by the dual band IRDIS instrument (top). Water ice has a strong absorption at 2 µm (see Figure 1), so brighter areas generally indicate a higher ice abundance, and darker areas indicate lower ice abundance. The reference map (bottom) shows the visible light mosaic of Ganymede from USGS Astrogeology Science Center (2013). The maps show orthographic projections of Ganymede’s northern and southern hemispheres and an equirectangular projection covering all of Ganymede’s surface. 0° is the sub-jovian longitude and 180° is the anti-jovian longitude.
astro-ph.EP

We present maps of Ganymede’s surface composition with almost complete longitude coverage, acquired using high spatial resolution near-infrared (0.95 to 1.65μm) observations from the ground-based VLT/SPHERE instrument.

Observed reflectance spectra were modelled using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo method to estimate abundances and associated uncertainties of water ices, acids, salts and a spectrally-flat darkening agent. Results confirm Ganymede’s surface is dominated by water ice in young bright terrain (impact craters, sulci), and low-albedo spectrally-flat material in older dark terrain (e.g. Galileo Regio). Ice grain size has strong latitudinal and longitudinal gradients, with larger grains at the equator and on the trailing hemisphere.

These trends are consistent with the effects of the latitudinal thermal gradient and global variations in radiation driven sputtering. Sulphuric acid has a low abundance and appears potentially spatially correlated with plasma bombardment, where Ganymede’s poles are exposed to the external jovian magnetic field. Best-estimate abundances suggest a mixture of salts could be present, although their low abundances, spectral degeneracies and associated uncertainties mean individual salt species cannot be detected with confidence.

If present, sodium magnesium sulphate and magnesium chlorate appear tentatively correlated with exogenic plasma bombardment, while magnesium chloride and sulphate appear tentatively correlated with younger terrain, implying a possible endogenic origin. MCMC modelling was also performed on Galileo/NIMS data, showing comparable distributions.

The high spatial resolution of SPHERE allows the precise mapping of small scale (<150km) surface features, which could be used along with higher spectral resolution observations to jointly confirm the presence and distribution of potential species.

Oliver King, Leigh N. Fletcher

Comments: To be published in JGR: Planets
Subjects: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
Cite as: arXiv:2209.01976 [astro-ph.EP] (or arXiv:2209.01976v1 [astro-ph.EP] for this version)
Related DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JE007323
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Submission history
From: Oliver King
[v1] Mon, 5 Sep 2022 14:04:17 UTC (46,529 KB)
Full paper: https://arxiv.org/abs/2209.01976
Astrobiology

Keith Cowing

Explorers Club Fellow, ex-NASA Space Station Payload manager/space biologist, Away Teams, Journalist, Lapsed climber, Synaesthete, Na’Vi-Jedi-Freman-Buddhist-mix, ASL, Devon Island and Everest Base Camp veteran, (he/him) 🖖🏻

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