Astrogeology

Sulfur In The Moon And Mercury

By Keith Cowing
Status Report
astro-ph.EP
October 29, 2024
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Sulfur In The Moon And Mercury
Sulfur distribution on the surface of Mercury expressed as S/Si (Nittler et al., 2020). The highest S abundances 90 degrees west at the equator and north of it coincides with the highest Ca and Mg abundances, referred to as the high magnesium region (HMR) (reproduced from Nittler et al., 2020). — astro-ph.EP

This chapter presents a comprehensive overview of the abundances and distribution of S, and the processes that control the behavior of S on the Earth’s Moon and on Mercury. The two planetary bodies share notable similarities, such as lacking substantial atmospheres and featuring surfaces with high numbers of impact craters.

Both objects are at variably low oxygen fugacities (fO2), where S occurs only in its reduced state as S2-, and forms sulfides. For the Moon, we present a compilation of 55 years of lunar sample analysis, from Apollo 11 to Chang’e 5, including S concentrations and isotopic compositional data. We discuss processes from S in the lunar interior to volcanic degassing from mare basalts and in pyroclastic eruptions.

At the beginning of a lunar science renaissance, we highlight where future research into S on the Moon might lead. The knowledge of S on Mercury is almost entirely based on observations by the NASA MESSENGER mission, operational from 2011 to 2014.

MESSENGER observed very high S abundances on Mercury with concentrations of up to 4 wt.%. We discuss proposed mechanisms that lead to the high S abundance on Mercury’s surface and discuss implications for the planet’s interior.

Finally, we provide an outlook on how the upcoming ESA/JAXA BepiColombo will advance our understanding of Mercury and the processes controlling S on the planet.

Christian J. Renggli, Edgar S. Steenstra, Alberto E. Saal

Comments: A chapter for the book The Role of Sulfur in Planetary Processes: from Cores to Atmospheres, edited by Daniel Harlov and Gleb Pokrovski. Springer Geochemistry. Revised and final version. 18. September 2024
Subjects: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
Cite as: arXiv:2410.18599 [astro-ph.EP] (or arXiv:2410.18599v1 [astro-ph.EP] for this version)
https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2410.18599
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Submission history
From: Christian J. Renggli
[v1] Thu, 24 Oct 2024 09:49:38 UTC (1,782 KB)
https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.18599
Astrobiology,

Explorers Club Fellow, ex-NASA Space Station Payload manager/space biologist, Away Teams, Journalist, Lapsed climber, Synaesthete, Na’Vi-Jedi-Freman-Buddhist-mix, ASL, Devon Island and Everest Base Camp veteran, (he/him) 🖖🏻