Exoplanetology: Exoplanets & Exomoons

On The Formation Of Terrestrial Planets Between Two Massive Planets: The Case Of 55 Cancri

By Keith Cowing

astro-ph.EP

May 25, 2021

Filed under exoplanet

On The Formation Of Terrestrial Planets Between Two Massive Planets: The Case Of 55 Cancri — Examples of final systems in scenarios A (500 embryos, upper) and B (1500 embryos, lower). The formed planets and 55 Cnc f,d are all shown on the (????, ????) plane with the size proportional to the cube root of mass and the color indicating water mass (in ????⊕). Initial 55 Cnc f and d are represented by open circles. The grey shadow indicates the potentially habitable zone (0.59–1.43 AU). left column: Δ???? ???? < 0, Δ???????? > 0, middle column: Δ???? ???? > 0, Δ???????? > 0, right column: Δ???? ???? > 0, Δ???????? < 0. The variations in semi-major axis and mass for 55 Cnc f are presented in each panel.

Considering the huge computational resources required by smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) simulations and the overestimation of post-collision materials from perfect merging, we develop a statistical method to deal with collisions during the formation of planetary systems by introducing random material loss.

In this method the mass and water content lost by the sole outcome from every merger vary randomly within a range dependent on the total mass and water content of colliding bodies. The application of the random loss method to the planet formation in the solar system shows a good consistency with existing SPH results.

We also apply this method to the extrasolar planetary system 55 Cancri which hosts (at least) five planets and study the formation of terrestrial planets between the outermost two planets. A disk with 500 Mars mass embryos in dynamically cold orbits before the late-stage accretion phase is assumed. Scenarios with different amounts of planetary embryos and different loss parameters are adopted in our simulations.

The statistical result from hundreds of simulations shows that an Earth-like planet with water inventory of roughly 6 Earth ocean could form between 55 Cnc f and d. It may reside between 1.0 and 2.6 AU but the most likely region extends from 1.5 to 2.1 AU. Thus the probability of this planet being in the potentially habitable zone (0.59–1.43 AU) is relatively low, only around 10\%. Planets 55 Cnc f and d could also be shaped and gain some water from giant impacts and consequently the orbits of them may also change accordingly.

Lei Zhou, Rudolf Dvorak, Li-Yong Zhou

Comments: Accepted for publication in MNRAS, 16 pages, 13 figures, 5 tables
Subjects: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
Cite as: arXiv:2105.10105 [astro-ph.EP] (or arXiv:2105.10105v1 [astro-ph.EP] for this version)
Submission history
From: Lei Zhou
[v1] Fri, 21 May 2021 03:11:11 UTC (966 KB)
https://arxiv.org/abs/2105.10105
Astrobiology,

Keith Cowing

Explorers Club Fellow, ex-NASA Space Station Payload manager/space biologist, Away Teams, Journalist, Lapsed climber, Synaesthete, Na’Vi-Jedi-Freman-Buddhist-mix, ASL, Devon Island and Everest Base Camp veteran, (he/him) 🖖🏻

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