Exoplanets & Exomoons

Pale Orange Dots: The Impact of Organic Haze on the Habitability and Detectability of Earthlike Exoplanets

By Keith Cowing
Press Release
astro-ph.EP
February 13, 2017
Filed under ,
Pale Orange Dots: The Impact of Organic Haze on the Habitability and Detectability of Earthlike Exoplanets
Pale Orange Dot
NASA

Hazes are common in known planet atmospheres, and geochemical evidence suggests early Earth occasionally supported an organic haze with significant environmental and spectral consequences. The UV spectrum of the parent star drives organic haze formation through methane photochemistry.

We use a 1D photochemical-climate model to examine production of fractal organic haze on Archean Earth-analogs in the habitable zonesof several stellar types: the modern and early Sun, AD Leo (M3.5V), GJ 876 (M4V), ϵ Eridani (K2V), and σ Bo\”otis (F2V). For Archean-like atmospheres, planets orbiting stars with the highest UV fluxes do not form haze due to the formation of photochemical oxygen radicals that destroy haze precursors. Organic hazes impact planetary habitability via UV shielding and surface cooling, but this cooling is minimized around M dwarfs whose energy is emitted at wavelengths where organic hazes are relatively transparent.

We generate spectra to test the detectability of haze. For 10 transits of a planet orbiting GJ 876 observed by the James Webb Space Telescope, haze makes gaseous absorption features at wavelengths < 2.5 μm 2-10σ shallower compared to a haze-free planet, and methane and carbon dioxide are detectable at >5σ. A haze absorption feature can be detected at 5σ near 6.3 μm, but higher signal-to-noise is needed to distinguish haze from adjacent absorbers. For direct imaging of a planet at 10 parsecs using a coronagraphic 10-meter class ultraviolet-visible-near infrared telescope, a UV-blue haze absorption feature would be strongly detectable at >12σ in 200 hours.

Giada N. Arney, Victoria S. Meadows, Shawn D. Domagal-Goldman, Drake Deming, Tyler D. Robinson, Guadalupe Tovar, Eric T. Wolf, Edward Schwieterman
(Submitted on 9 Feb 2017)

Comments: 21 pages, 10 figures, published in ApJ (836, 49)
Subjects: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
Journal reference: ApJ 836, 49 (2017)
DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/836/1/49
Cite as: arXiv:1702.02994 [astro-ph.EP] (or arXiv:1702.02994v1 [astro-ph.EP] for this version)
Submission history
From: Edward Schwieterman
[v1] Thu, 9 Feb 2017 21:43:35 GMT (2974kb,D)
https://arxiv.org/abs/1702.02994

Explorers Club Fellow, ex-NASA Space Station Payload manager/space biologist, Away Teams, Journalist, Lapsed climber, Synaesthete, Na’Vi-Jedi-Freman-Buddhist-mix, ASL, Devon Island and Everest Base Camp veteran, (he/him) 🖖🏻